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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2019.04</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.19.71(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的v4.19.71</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Source Code</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/?h=v4.19.71&id=e7d2672c66e4d3675570369bf20856296da312c4" target="_blank">kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码(官网,tag 4.19.71)</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">uboot源码</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、Framebuffer-设备"><a href="#一、Framebuffer-设备" class="headerlink" title="一、Framebuffer 设备  "></a><font size=3>一、Framebuffer 设备  </font></h1><h2 id="1-裸机LCD驱动回顾"><a href="#1-裸机LCD驱动回顾" class="headerlink" title="1. 裸机LCD驱动回顾"></a><font size=3>1. 裸机LCD驱动回顾</font></h2><p>先来回顾一下裸机的时候 LCD 驱动是怎么编写的，裸机 LCD 驱动编写流程如下：</p>
<p>①、初始化 I.MX6U 的 eLCDIF 控制器，重点是 LCD 屏幕宽(width)、高(height)、 hspw、hbp、 hfp、 vspw、 vbp 和 vfp 等信息。</p>
<p>②、初始化 LCD 像素时钟。</p>
<p>③、设置 RGBLCD 显存。</p>
<p>④、应用程序直接通过操作显存来操作 LCD，实现在 LCD 上显示字符、图片等信息。</p>
<h2 id="2-Framebuffer"><a href="#2-Framebuffer" class="headerlink" title="2. Framebuffer"></a><font size=3>2. Framebuffer</font></h2><h3 id="2-1-fb简介"><a href="#2-1-fb简介" class="headerlink" title="2.1 fb简介"></a><font size=3>2.1 fb简介</font></h3><p>在 Linux 中应用程序最终也是通过操作 RGB LCD 的显存来实现在 LCD 上显示字符、图片等信息。在裸机中我们可以随意的分配显存，但是在 Linux 系统中内存的管理很严格，显存是需要申请的，不是想用就能用的。而且因为虚拟内存的存在，驱动程序设置的显存和应用程序访问的显存要是同一片物理内存。  </p>
<p>为了解决上述问题， Framebuffer 诞生了， Framebuffer 翻译过来就是帧缓冲，简称 fb。它是一种机制，将系统中所有跟显示有关的硬件以及软件集合起来，虚拟出一个 fb 设备，当我们编写好 LCD 驱动以后会生成一个名为<code>/dev/fbX(X=0~n)</code>的设备，应用程序通过访问<code>/dev/fbX</code> 这个设备就可以访问 LCD。     </p>
<p><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV10-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/LV10-01-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8-04-Linux%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/img/image-20250411135815803.png" alt="image-20250411135815803"></p>
<p>图中的&#x2F;dev&#x2F;fb0 就是 LCD 对应的设备文件， &#x2F;dev&#x2F;fb0 是个字符设备，因此肯定有<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fs.h#L1739">file_operations</a> 操作集。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-fb子系统"><a href="#2-2-fb子系统" class="headerlink" title="2.2 fb子系统"></a><font size=3>2.2 fb子系统</font></h3><p>前面我们知道Framebuffer子系统为用户空间操作显示设备提供了统一的接口，屏蔽了底层硬件之间的差异，用户只需要操作一块 内存缓冲区即可把需要的图像显示到LCD设备上。Framebuffer子系统主要分为两个部分，如下图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV10-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/LV10-01-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8-04-Linux%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/img/fb_sub_system001.png" alt="1"  />

<ul>
<li><strong>核心层：</strong> 主要实现字符设备的创建，为不同的显示设备提供文件通用处理接口；同时创建graphics设备类，占据主设备号29。</li>
<li><strong>硬件设备层：</strong> 主要提供显示设备的时序、显存、像素格式等硬件信息，实现显示设备的私有文件接口，并创建显示设备文件&#x2F;dev&#x2F;fbx(x&#x3D;0~n)暴露给用户空间。 硬件设备层的代码需要驱动开发人员根据具体的显示设备提供给内核。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-fb的file-operations"><a href="#3-fb的file-operations" class="headerlink" title="3. fb的file_operations"></a><font size=3>3. fb的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fs.h#L1739">file_operations</a></font></h2><p>fb的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fs.h#L1739">file_operations</a>操作集定义在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c#L1510">fbmem.c - drivers&#x2F;video&#x2F;fbdev&#x2F;core&#x2F;fbmem.c</a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">const</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">file_operations</span> <span class="title">fb_fops</span> =</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,</span><br><span class="line">	.read =		fb_read,</span><br><span class="line">	.write =	fb_write,</span><br><span class="line">	.unlocked_ioctl = fb_ioctl,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">ifdef</span> CONFIG_COMPAT</span></span><br><span class="line">	.compat_ioctl = fb_compat_ioctl,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	.mmap =		fb_mmap,</span><br><span class="line">	.open =		fb_open,</span><br><span class="line">	.release =	fb_release,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">if</span> defined(HAVE_ARCH_FB_UNMAPPED_AREA) || \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">	(defined(CONFIG_FB_PROVIDE_GET_FB_UNMAPPED_AREA) &amp;&amp; \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">	 !defined(CONFIG_MMU))</span></span><br><span class="line">	.get_unmapped_area = get_fb_unmapped_area,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">ifdef</span> CONFIG_FB_DEFERRED_IO</span></span><br><span class="line">	.fsync =	fb_deferred_io_fsync,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br><span class="line">	.llseek =	default_llseek,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个就和前面学习的字符设备是一样的。</p>
<h2 id="4-fb-info"><a href="#4-fb-info" class="headerlink" title="4. fb_info"></a><font size=3>4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a></font></h2><p>Linux 内核将所有的 Framebuffer 抽象为一个叫做 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a> 的结构体， <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a> 结构体包含了 Framebuffer 设备的完整属性和操作集合，因此每一个 Framebuffer 设备都必须有一个 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a>。  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_info</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">atomic_t</span> count;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//......</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_var_screeninfo</span> <span class="title">var</span>;</span>	<span class="comment">/* 当前可变参数 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_fix_screeninfo</span> <span class="title">fix</span>;</span>	<span class="comment">/* 当前固定参数 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_monspecs</span> <span class="title">monspecs</span>;</span>	<span class="comment">/* 当前显示器特性 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">work_struct</span> <span class="title">queue</span>;</span>	    <span class="comment">/*  帧缓冲事件队列 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_pixmap</span> <span class="title">pixmap</span>;</span>	    <span class="comment">/* 图像硬件映射 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_pixmap</span> <span class="title">sprite</span>;</span>	    <span class="comment">/* 光标硬件映射 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_cmap</span> <span class="title">cmap</span>;</span>		    <span class="comment">/* 当前调色板 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">list_head</span> <span class="title">modelist</span>;</span>      <span class="comment">/* 当前模式列表 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_videomode</span> *<span class="title">mode</span>;</span>	    <span class="comment">/* 当前视频模式 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//......</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">fb_ops</span> *<span class="title">fbops</span>;</span>           <span class="comment">/* 帧缓冲操作函数集 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">device</span> *<span class="title">device</span>;</span>		    <span class="comment">/* This is the parent */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">device</span> *<span class="title">dev</span>;</span>		        <span class="comment">/* 当前 fb 设备 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> class_flag;                 <span class="comment">/* 私有 sysfs 标志 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//......</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">union</span> &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="type">char</span> __iomem *screen_base;	<span class="comment">/* 虚拟内存基地址(屏幕显存) */</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="type">char</span> *screen_buffer;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">unsigned</span> <span class="type">long</span> screen_size;	<span class="comment">/* 虚拟内存大小(屏幕显存大小) */</span> </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">void</span> *pseudo_palette;		<span class="comment">/* 伪 16 位调色板 */</span> </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//......</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>fb_info 结构体的成员变量很多，我们重点关注 var、 fix、 fbops、 screen_base、 screen_size和 pseudo_palette。 </p>
<h1 id="二、LCD驱动分析"><a href="#二、LCD驱动分析" class="headerlink" title="二、LCD驱动分析"></a><font size=3>二、LCD驱动分析</font></h1><h2 id="1-设备树"><a href="#1-设备树" class="headerlink" title="1. 设备树"></a><font size=3>1. 设备树</font></h2><p>我们先来看一下NXP 官方的设备树，官方的evk板已经添加了 LCD 设备节点，只是此节点的 LCD 屏幕信息是针对 NXP 官方 EVK 开发板所使用的 4.3 寸 480*272 编写的，alpha开发板上面的lcd引脚什么的和官方eck板一致，我们可以参考官方的板子先来学习一下。  </p>
<h3 id="1-1-lcdif-lcdif-21c8000"><a href="#1-1-lcdif-lcdif-21c8000" class="headerlink" title="1.1 lcdif: lcdif@21c8000"></a><font size=3>1.1 lcdif: lcdif@21c8000</font></h3><p>我们打开<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul.dtsi#L937">imx6ul.dtsi - arch&#x2F;arm&#x2F;boot&#x2F;dts&#x2F;imx6ul.dtsi</a>，找到这个<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul.dtsi#L937">lcdif: lcdif@21c8000</a>节点：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lcdif: lcdif@<span class="number">21</span>c8000 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ul-lcdif&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx28-lcdif&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	reg = &lt;<span class="number">0x021c8000</span> <span class="number">0x4000</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	interrupts = &lt;GIC_SPI <span class="number">5</span> IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	clocks = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_LCDIF_PIX&gt;,</span><br><span class="line">		 &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_LCDIF_APB&gt;,</span><br><span class="line">		 &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_DUMMY&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	clock-names = <span class="string">&quot;pix&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;axi&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;disp_axi&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	status = <span class="string">&quot;disabled&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个就是imx6ull中的lcd控制器的节点信息，可以看到地址是0x021c8000，我们之前裸机学习的时候知道，eLCDIF  控制器的起始地址就是这个：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV10-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/LV10-01-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8-04-Linux%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/img/image-20250411141629866.png" alt="image-20250411141629866"  />

<p>这里的 lcdif 节点信息是所有使用 I.MX6ULL 芯片的板子所共有的，并不是完整的 lcdif 节点信息。像屏幕参数这些需要根据不同的硬件平台去添加，比如向 imx6ull-alpha-emmc.dts 中的 lcdif 节点添加其他的属性信息。  </p>
<h3 id="1-2-pinctrl子系统信息"><a href="#1-2-pinctrl子系统信息" class="headerlink" title="1.2 pinctrl子系统信息"></a><font size=3>1.2 pinctrl子系统信息</font></h3><h4 id="1-2-1-pinctrl-lcdif-dat-lcdifdatgrp"><a href="#1-2-1-pinctrl-lcdif-dat-lcdifdatgrp" class="headerlink" title="1.2.1 pinctrl_lcdif_dat: lcdifdatgrp"></a><font size=3>1.2.1 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L342">pinctrl_lcdif_dat: lcdifdatgrp</a></font></h4><p>我们打开<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L342">imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi - arch&#x2F;arm&#x2F;boot&#x2F;dts&#x2F;imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi</a>找到以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pinctrl_lcdif_dat: lcdifdatgrp &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	fsl,pins = &lt;</span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA00__LCDIF_DATA00  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA01__LCDIF_DATA01  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA02__LCDIF_DATA02  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA03__LCDIF_DATA03  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA04__LCDIF_DATA04  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA05__LCDIF_DATA05  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA06__LCDIF_DATA06  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA07__LCDIF_DATA07  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA08__LCDIF_DATA08  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA09__LCDIF_DATA09  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA10__LCDIF_DATA10  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA11__LCDIF_DATA11  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA12__LCDIF_DATA12  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA13__LCDIF_DATA13  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA14__LCDIF_DATA14  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA15__LCDIF_DATA15  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA16__LCDIF_DATA16  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA17__LCDIF_DATA17  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA18__LCDIF_DATA18  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA19__LCDIF_DATA19  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA20__LCDIF_DATA20  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA21__LCDIF_DATA21  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA22__LCDIF_DATA22  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_DATA23__LCDIF_DATA23  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">	&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里就是LCD用到的数据线所有的GPIO的配置。</p>
<h4 id="1-2-2-pinctrl-lcdif-ctrl-lcdifctrlgrp"><a href="#1-2-2-pinctrl-lcdif-ctrl-lcdifctrlgrp" class="headerlink" title="1.2.2 pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl: lcdifctrlgrp"></a><font size=3>1.2.2 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L371">pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl: lcdifctrlgrp</a></font></h4><p>还有一些LCD的信号相关的引脚在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L371">pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl: lcdifctrlgrp</a></p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl: lcdifctrlgrp &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	fsl,pins = &lt;</span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_CLK__LCDIF_CLK	    <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_ENABLE__LCDIF_ENABLE  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_HSYNC__LCDIF_HSYNC    <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_LCD_VSYNC__LCDIF_VSYNC    <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="comment">/* used for lcd reset */</span></span><br><span class="line">		MX6UL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER9__GPIO5_IO09  <span class="number">0x79</span></span><br><span class="line">	&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-3-GPIO子系统信息"><a href="#1-3-GPIO子系统信息" class="headerlink" title="1.3 GPIO子系统信息"></a><font size=3>1.3 GPIO子系统信息</font></h3><p>上面使用了pinctrl子系统来设置了用到的GPIO的复用功能，GPIO的电气属性（工作模式，驱动能力）这些，但像gpio输出高低电平这些，是还需要gpio子系统来进行配置，不过nxp官方的设备树中并没有相关的了。这里知道肯可能会有就是了。</p>
<h3 id="1-4-屏幕参数节点-lcdif"><a href="#1-4-屏幕参数节点-lcdif" class="headerlink" title="1.4 屏幕参数节点&amp;lcdif"></a><font size=3>1.4 屏幕参数节点<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L148">&amp;lcdif</a></font></h3><p>上面已经找到了pinctrl和gpio子系统的信息，接下来就是找到应用的地方，我们找到<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L148">&amp;lcdif</a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&amp;lcdif &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clocks = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_LCDIF_PRE_SEL&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clock-parents = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_PLL5_VIDEO_DIV&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	pinctrl-names = <span class="string">&quot;default&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	pinctrl<span class="number">-0</span> = &lt;&amp;pinctrl_lcdif_dat</span><br><span class="line">		     &amp;pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	status = <span class="string">&quot;okay&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	port &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		display_out: endpoint &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			remote-endpoint = &lt;&amp;panel_in&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里就是lcd控制器配置的地方，这里就会使用对应pinctrl子系统中的配置。</p>
<h3 id="1-5-时钟配置"><a href="#1-5-时钟配置" class="headerlink" title="1.5 时钟配置"></a><font size=3>1.5 时钟配置</font></h3><h4 id="1-5-1-lcdif的两个时钟属性"><a href="#1-5-1-lcdif的两个时钟属性" class="headerlink" title="1.5.1 &amp;lcdif的两个时钟属性"></a><font size=3>1.5.1 &amp;lcdif的两个时钟属性</font></h4><p>我们来看一下上面的时钟配置，前面找到<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtsi#L148">&amp;lcdif</a>的时候，里面有两行：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&amp;lcdif &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clocks = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_LCDIF_PRE_SEL&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	assigned-clock-parents = &lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_PLL5_VIDEO_DIV&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//......</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以参考一下<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt">clock-bindings.txt </a>，这里大概就是在说当平台需要初始化默认的父时钟和时钟频率时，可通过设备树节点中的以下属性配置：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>assigned-clocks</code>：需配置的时钟列表（phandle + 时钟标识符）</li>
<li><code>assigned-clock-parents</code>：指定父时钟列表（phandle + 时钟标识符对）</li>
<li><code>assigned-clock-rates</code>：指定时钟频率列表（单位：Hz）</li>
</ul>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">uart@a000 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx-uart&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    reg = &lt;<span class="number">0xa000</span> <span class="number">0x1000</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">    ...</span><br><span class="line">    clocks = &lt;&amp;osc <span class="number">0</span>&gt;, &lt;&amp;pll <span class="number">1</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">    clock-names = <span class="string">&quot;baud&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;register&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    assigned-clocks = &lt;&amp;clkcon <span class="number">0</span>&gt;, &lt;&amp;pll <span class="number">2</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">    assigned-clock-parents = &lt;&amp;pll <span class="number">2</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">    assigned-clock-rates = &lt;<span class="number">0</span>&gt;, &lt;<span class="number">460800</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在这个例子中，&lt;&amp;pll 2&gt;时钟被设置为时钟&lt;&amp;clkcon 0&gt;的父时钟，&lt;&amp;pll 2&gt;时钟被分配了一个460800 Hz的频率值。</p>
<p>对于这个lcdif节点来说，就是把<code>&lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_LCDIF_PRE_SEL&gt;</code>的父时钟设置为<code>&lt;&amp;clks IMX6UL_CLK_PLL5_VIDEO_DIV&gt;</code>。</p>
<h4 id="1-5-2-clk节点"><a href="#1-5-2-clk节点" class="headerlink" title="1.5.2 &amp;clk节点"></a><font size=3>1.5.2 &amp;clk节点</font></h4><p>我们来看一下前面的&amp;clk节点，这个节点定义在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul.dtsi#L539">imx6ul.dtsi</a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">clks: ccm@<span class="number">20</span>c4000 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx6ul-ccm&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	reg = &lt;<span class="number">0x020c4000</span> <span class="number">0x4000</span>&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	interrupts = &lt;GIC_SPI <span class="number">87</span> IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH&gt;,</span><br><span class="line">		     &lt;GIC_SPI <span class="number">88</span> IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">#clock-cells = <span class="string">&lt;1&gt;</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">	clocks = &lt;&amp;ckil&gt;, &lt;&amp;osc&gt;, &lt;&amp;ipp_di0&gt;, &lt;&amp;ipp_di1&gt;;</span><br><span class="line">	clock-names = <span class="string">&quot;ckil&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;osc&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;ipp_di0&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;ipp_di1&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>看这个reg属性，可以知道这个节点起始地址是0x020c4000，这里就是我们的CCM时钟控制器的起始地址：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV10-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/LV10-01-LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8-04-Linux%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84LCD%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8/img/image-20250411153108154.png" alt="image-20250411153108154"  />

<h4 id="1-5-3-总结"><a href="#1-5-3-总结" class="headerlink" title="1.5.3 总结"></a><font size=3>1.5.3 总结</font></h4><p>这里详细的就不去深入了，知道这里是设置了一下时钟源就行了。</p>
<h2 id="2-驱动框架分析"><a href="#2-驱动框架分析" class="headerlink" title="2. 驱动框架分析"></a><font size=3>2. 驱动框架分析</font></h2><p>前面我们知道<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul.dtsi#L937">lcdif: lcdif@21c8000</a>节点的 compatible 属性值为“fsl,imx6ul-lcdif”和“fsl,imx28-lcdif” ，搜索就可以发现，驱动是这个文件：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c">mxsfb.c - drivers&#x2F;video&#x2F;fbdev&#x2F;mxsfb.c</a>。点开看一眼就会发现，这个其实也是个平台设备驱动。</p>
<h3 id="2-1-mxsfb-driver"><a href="#2-1-mxsfb-driver" class="headerlink" title="2.1 mxsfb_driver"></a><font size=3>2.1 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L1011">mxsfb_driver</a></font></h3><p>既然是个平台设备驱动，那按惯例，肯定先看这个<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L1011">mxsfb_driver</a>平台设备驱动结构体的定义：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">platform_driver</span> <span class="title">mxsfb_driver</span> =</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	.probe = mxsfb_probe,</span><br><span class="line">	.remove = mxsfb_remove,</span><br><span class="line">	.shutdown = mxsfb_shutdown,</span><br><span class="line">	.id_table = mxsfb_devtype,</span><br><span class="line">	.driver = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		   .name = DRIVER_NAME,</span><br><span class="line">		   .of_match_table = mxsfb_dt_ids,</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里的设备树匹配表为：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L871">mxsfb_dt_ids</a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">const</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">of_device_id</span> <span class="title">mxsfb_dt_ids</span>[] =</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	&#123; .compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx23-lcdif&quot;</span>, .data = &amp;mxsfb_devtype[<span class="number">0</span>], &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">	&#123; .compatible = <span class="string">&quot;fsl,imx28-lcdif&quot;</span>, .data = &amp;mxsfb_devtype[<span class="number">1</span>], &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">	&#123; <span class="comment">/* sentinel */</span> &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>所以这里就可以完成匹配啦。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-mxsfb-driver-mxsfb-probe"><a href="#2-2-mxsfb-driver-mxsfb-probe" class="headerlink" title="2.2 mxsfb_driver.mxsfb_probe"></a><font size=3>2.2 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L1011">mxsfb_driver</a>.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L878">mxsfb_probe</a></font></h3><p>匹配上之后，肯定就是调用函数<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L1011">mxsfb_driver</a>.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/mxsfb.c#L878">mxsfb_probe</a>了，这个函数主要工作如下：</p>
<p>①、申请 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a>。</p>
<p>②、初始化 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a> 结构体中的各个成员变量，时间参数信息都会存放在这个结构体中。</p>
<p>③、初始化 eLCDIF 控制器，这里会用到<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a> 中的一些参数，例如前面着重学习的时间参数。</p>
<p>④、使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c#L1816">register_framebuffer()</a> 函数向 Linux 内核注册初始化好的  <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.19.71/source/include/linux/fb.h#L464">fb_info</a> 。</p>
<p>详细的可以去看驱动，这里就不深入分析了。</p>
<h1 id="三、LCD驱动移植"><a href="#三、LCD驱动移植" class="headerlink" title="三、LCD驱动移植"></a><font size=3>三、LCD驱动移植</font></h1><p>上面的设备树其实是不完整的，里面少了一些参数，我们移植的时候加进去。</p>
<h2 id="1-设备树修改"><a href="#1-设备树修改" class="headerlink" title="1. 设备树修改"></a><font size=3>1. 设备树修改</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-LCD-屏幕-IO-配置"><a href="#1-1-LCD-屏幕-IO-配置" class="headerlink" title="1.1 LCD 屏幕 IO 配置  "></a><font size=3>1.1 LCD 屏幕 IO 配置  </font></h3><p>首先要检查一下设备树中 LCD 所使用的 IO 配置，这个其实 NXP 都已经给我们写好了，不需要修改，不过我们还是要看一下。  </p>

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